1) windscreen/windshield; 2) windscreen/windshield wiper; 3) steering wheel; 4) bonnet/ hood; 5) grille; 6) bumper; 7) headlight; 8) rear light/tail light; 9) break light; 10) wheel; 11) tyre; 12) wing/fender; 13) wing mirror/side mirror; 14) rear view mirror; 15) aerial/antenna; 16) door lock; 17) side panel; 18) number plate/license; 19) petrol/gas tank flap; 20) boot/trunk; 21) trade mark/badge; 22) exhaust pipe
1) стеклоочиститель; 2) рулевое колесо; 3) колесо; 4) решетка радиатора; 5) выхлопная труба; 6) боковое зеркало; 7) фонарь заднего хода; 8) шина; 9) капот; 10) стоп-сигнал крыло; 11) зеркало заднего вида; 12) антенна; 13) стоп-сигнал; 14) передняя фара; 15) фирменный знак; 16) молдинг; 17) номерной знак; 18) крышка топливного бака; 19) багажник; 20) лобовое стекло; 21) дверной замок; 22) бампер
Automobile safety is the study and practice of vehicle design, construction, and equipment to minimize the occurrence and consequences of automobile accidents. "Active safety" is the technology assisting in the prevention of a crash and "passive safety" to the components of the vehicle such as airbags, seatbelts and the physical structure of the vehicle that help to protect the occupants during a crash.
Crashworthy systems and devices prevent or reduce the severity of injuries when a crash is imminent or actually happening.
Notes:
сrashworthiness, n. –стойкость конструкции к ударным нагрузкам
imminent, adj. – неминуемый
deceleration, n. – торможение
cushion the impact, v. – смягчать удар
pedestrian, n. – пешеход
1. Seatbelts limit … |
a) to be struck by the occupants during a crash. |
2. Airbags inflate … |
b) absorb and dissipate the force of a collision. |
3. Laminated windshields … |
c) remain in one piece when impacted. |
4. Padding of the instrument panel and other interior parts of the vehicle is likely… |
d) the forward motion of an occupant. |
5. Crumple zones … |
e) to cushion the impact of a vehicle occupant. |
A subset of crash avoidance is driver assistance systems, which help the driver to detect ordinarily-hidden obstacles and to control the vehicle.
Driver assistance systems include:
Notes:
assistance, adj. – вспомогательный
infrared, adj. –инфракрасный
beyond, adv. –на расстоянии
glare, v. – ярко светить
traction control, n. – управление курсовой устойчивостью
emergency, adj. – экстренный
The anti-lock braking system(ABS) is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting with the road surface while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and therefore avoiding skidding.
Recent versions not only prevent wheel lock under braking, but also electronically control the front-to-rear brake bias. This function is known as electronic brake force distribution (EBD), the traction control system (TCS), emergency brake assist or electronic stability control (ESC).
The Traction Control System (TCS), also known as Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR), is typically a secondary function of the anti-lock braking system and it is designed to prevent loss of traction of the driven road wheels, and therefore maintain the control of the vehicle when the condition of the road surface is unable to cope with the torque applied.
A typical ABS includes a central electronic control unit (ECU), four wheel speed sensors, and at least two hydraulic valves within the brake hydraulics. The ECU constantly monitors the rotational speed of each wheel; ifit detects a wheel rotating much slower than the others, it actuates the valves to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the wheel, thus reducing the braking force on that wheel; the wheel then turns faster.
Conversely, if the ECU detects a wheel turning much faster than the others, brake hydraulic pressure to the wheel is increased so the braking force is reapplied, slowing down the wheel. Some anti-lock systems can apply or release braking pressure 16 times per second.
The modern ABS applies individual brake pressure to all four wheels through a control system of hub-mounted sensors and a dedicated micro-controller.
Notes:
locking up, n. запирание skidding, n. –занос
anti-lock braking system, n. –антиблокировочная тормозная система
front-to-rear brake bias, n. – контроль торможения при спуске
traction control system, n. –система контроля тяги
force distribution, n. – распределение усилия
traction control system, n. –система регулирования тягового усилия
electronic stability control, n. –система управления курсовой устойчивостью
hydraulic valve, n. – гидроклапан
hub, n. – ступица колеса
Morozova О.N., Ilina I.Y.Тамбов2015